a. Layered System Families

Definition: These families consist of multiple material layers, each serving a specific function in the construction of building elements.

Examples of Layered System Families:

• Floors

  • Layers

    • Finish Layer: Materials like tiles, hardwood, or carpet.

    • Structural Layer: Concrete slabs or decking that support loads.

    • Insulation Layer: Thermal or acoustic insulation.

• Roofs

  • Layers:

    • Roofing Membrane: Waterproofing materials.

    • Insulation: To prevent heat loss/gain.

    • Structural Support: Trusses or rafters.

• Ceilings

  • Layers:

    • Ceiling Finish: Plaster, drywall, or ceiling tiles.

    • Support Structure: Grid systems or framing.

• Walls

  • Layers:

    • Exterior Finish: Brick, siding, or stucco.

    • Structural Core: Wood or metal studs, concrete.

    • Interior Finish: Drywall, paneling.

Layer Functions:

• Finish (1 & 2): Outermost layers for aesthetics and protection.

• Substrate: Support for finish layers.

• Thermal Barrier: Insulation materials.

• Structural Core: Main load-bearing component.

• Membrane Layer: Moisture or vapor barriers.